MMO Titanium Anodes for Wastewater Treatment

Wstitanium is a Chinese manufacturer and supplier of titanium anodes. Its chlorine-evolving and oxygen-evolving titanium anodes include iridium, ruthenium, and platinum anodes. These anodes are used in chlor-alkali industries, marine, shipbuilding, electroplating, electrolysis, hydrometallurgy, wastewater treatment, and cathodic protection.

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Customized MMO Titanium Anodes For Wastewater Treatment Solutions

Wstitanium, a leading Chinese manufacturer of MMO titanium anodes, is committed to providing high-performance, long-life, and customized electrochemical solutions for wastewater treatment worldwide. With its thermal decomposition coating technology and rigorous quality control system, Wstitanium’s MMO titanium anodes have been successfully applied in over 100 wastewater treatment projects globally, achieving multiple goals including energy conservation, emission compliance, and cost optimization.

Ruthenium-Iridium Anode

RuO₂ is currently the best known catalyst for chlorine evolution. Its chlorine evolution overpotential is only 1.13V (vs SCE). IrO₂ significantly improves the corrosion resistance and stability of the coating, extending its service life.

Lifespan: 5-8 years
Coating thickness: ≥10μm
Coating loading: ≥12g/㎡
Current density: ≤5000A/㎡
Polarizability: ≤40mV/decade
Enhanced Lifetime Test: ≥3000min
Substrate: ASTM Gr1/2 pure titanium

For Leachate treatment
For Electroplating wastewater
Sodium hypochlorite generator
Dyeing and printing wastewater
For Municipal sewage disinfection
For High chlorine content wastewater
Ammonia nitrogen degradation wastewater

Coating: IrO₂-Ta₂O₅ (molar ratio 7:3 is optimal). IrO₂ is the best oxygen evolution catalyst, exhibiting extremely high stability in acidic solutions. Ta₂O₅ acts as a stabilizer, effectively preventing the dissolution and detachment of IrO₂, significantly improving anode lifespan.

Substrate: ASTM Gr1/Gr2 pure titanium
Coating thickness: ≥10μm
Coating loading: ≥10g/㎡
Operating current density: ≤5000A/㎡
Oxygen evolution potential: ≤1.5V (vs SCE)
Strengthened life test: ≥5000min
Service life: 4-6 years

Highly acidic wastewater (pH < 3)
Organic wastewater treatment
Petrochemical wastewater
Medical and pharmaceutical wastewater
Electrolytic copper foil wastewater
Cyanide-containing wastewater
Heavy metal wastewater recovery

Iridium-Tantalum Anode

Platinum-Titanium Anode

The coating is made of pure platinum (Pt). Platinum’s extremely high chemical stability and electrocatalytic activity allow it to remain stable under various harsh conditions without producing any impurities. It is ideal for water treatment systems requiring high purity.

Lifespan: 5-8 years
Coating thickness: ≥10μm
Coating loading: ≥12g/㎡
Current density: ≤5000A/㎡
Polarizability: ≤40mV/decade
Enhanced Lifetime Test: ≥3000min
Substrate: ASTM Gr1/2 pure titanium

Drinking water disinfection
Medical wastewater treatment
High-purity water for electronics
Laboratory electrolysis equipment
No heavy metal leaching required
Food processing wastewater treatment
Electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen

Customized Coating Systems

Wstitanium also possesses strong R&D capabilities, developing customized coating formulations based on your specific wastewater composition and requirements to meet your unique wastewater treatment needs. For example:

MMO Titanium Anode Shape Categories

Wstitanium offers a variety of MMO titanium anode shapes to suit different types of electrolyzer structures. Common shapes include rods, meshes, plates, baskets, tubes, and ribbons, while also providing full-range customization services. Each shape has its unique advantages and applicable scenarios. Wstitanium recommends the most suitable anode shape based on factors such as your electrolyzer size, water flow conditions, and current distribution.

MMO Titanium Rod Anode

Diameter Φ10mm-Φ200mm, Length 100mm-6000mm, custom threads, flanges, and conductive connectors available. Rod anodes are highly rigid, impact-resistant, wear-resistant, and deformation-resistant. Current is radially uniformly distributed.

MMO Titanium Mesh Anode

Rhomboid/hexagonal shape, large specific surface area. Titanium mesh thickness 0.5mm-3.0mm, mesh size 3×6mm to 12×24mm, customizable. Available in any size flat mesh, curved mesh, cylindrical mesh, etc. High electrolysis efficiency.

MMO Titanium Plate Anode

Thickness 1mm-5mm, can be machined into flat or irregularly shaped plates of any size, with welded conductive rods and mounting holes. High current carrying capacity, stable operation at high current densities of 500-10000A/m².

MMO Titanium Tube Anode

Diameter Φ10mm-Φ300mm, Length 100mm-6000mm, custom single/double threaded connections, flanges, and conductive joints. Applicable current density 500-10000A/m². Compatible with tubular reactors.

MMO Titanium Basket Anode

Welded titanium mesh, machined into square, circular, or cylindrical basket/cage structures, significantly improves mass transfer efficiency. Reaction rates are 2-3 times higher than two-dimensional electrodes.

Customized MMO Titanium Anodes

Wstitanium’s titanium machining capabilities and pyrolysis coating technology allow us to provide 100% customized MMO titanium anodes based on your electrolyzer dimensions. There are no specification limitations.

MMO Titanium Anode Selection Guide

Selecting the appropriate MMO titanium anode is crucial for ensuring the efficient and stable operation of wastewater treatment systems. Different wastewater elements, treatment objectives, and technical conditions place significant differences in anode performance requirements. Based on 12 years of experience and extensive engineering practice, Wstitanium has developed a scientific and systematic anode selection guide.

Wastewater Composition

Wastewater composition is the most important factor in determining anode selection, especially the following key indicators:

1. Chloride Ion Concentration: When chloride ion concentration is high (≥1000 mg/L), chlorine evolution reaction mainly occurs, and Ru-Ir coated anodes should be selected. When chloride ion concentration is low (<1000 mg/L), oxygen evolution reaction mainly occurs, and Ir-Ta coated anodes should be selected.

2. pH Value: For acidic wastewater (pH < 3), Ir-Ta coated anodes with good acid resistance should be selected. For neutral or alkaline wastewater, Ru-Ir coated anodes should be selected.

3. Fluoride ion concentration: Fluoride ions are highly corrosive to titanium substrates. When the fluoride ion concentration > 20 mg/L, a fluoride-resistant coated anode should be selected.

4. Organic matter concentration and type: For high-concentration, recalcitrant organic wastewater, a coating system with high electrocatalytic activity, such as a Ru-Ir-Ta multi-element composite coating, should be selected.

Wastewater Treatment Targets

Different treatment targets place different performance requirements on the anodes:

1. Disinfection and sterilization: Primarily relies on hypochlorous acid produced by electrolysis, requiring Ru-Ir coated anodes with high chlorine evolution efficiency.

2. Ammonia nitrogen degradation: Primarily relies on the indirect oxidation effect of chlorine, requiring Ru-Ir coated anodes.

3. COD removal: Primarily relies on the oxidation effect of hydroxyl radicals, requiring coating systems with moderate oxygen evolution potential and high electrocatalytic activity.

4. Heavy metal recovery: Primarily relies on electrodeposition, requiring anodes with high current efficiency and good stability.

Electrolyte Parameters

1. Current Density: Different coating systems have different optimal operating current density ranges. The optimal current density for Ru-Ir coated anodes is 500-5000 A/m². For Ir-Ta coated anodes, it is 1000-10000 A/m², and for platinum coated anodes, it is 500-10000 A/m².

2. Electrolysis Temperature: Increasing the electrolysis temperature increases the reaction rate but also accelerates coating dissolution. The optimal operating temperature for most MMO anodes is 0-60℃. Above 60℃, high-temperature resistant coatings should be selected.

3. Electrolyte Flow Rate: The electrolyte flow rate affects mass transfer and bubble escape. Too low a flow rate leads to concentration polarization, while too high a flow rate increases fluid resistance and energy consumption.

4. Electrolyte Cell Structure: The type of electrolyzer (flat plate, tubular, basket, etc.) and electrode spacing determine the shape and size of the anode.

MMO Titanium Anode Quick Selection Table

Wastewater Type	Treatment Target	Recommended Coating	Recommended Shape	Current Density (A/m²)
Municipal Wastewater	Disinfection, COD Removal, Ammonia Nitrogen Degradation	Ru-Ir	Mesh, Plate	300-1000
Electroplating Wastewater	Heavy Metal Removal, COD Removal	Ru-Ir/Ir-Ta	Plate, Mesh	500-2000
Printing & Dyeing Wastewater	Decolorization, COD Removal	Ru-Ir	Mesh, Basket	1000-3000
Pharmaceutical Wastewater	COD Removal, Refractory Organic Matter Decomposition	Ir-Ta/Ru-Ir-Ta	Basket, Tube	2000-5000
Petrochemical Wastewater	COD Removal, Oil Decomposition	Ir-Ta	Plate, Mesh	1000-3000
Papermaking Wastewater	COD Removal, Decolorization	Ru-Ir	Mesh, Plate	500-1500
Landfill Leachate	COD Removal, Ammonia Nitrogen Degradation, Color Removal	Ru-Ir/Ir-Ta	Tube, Basket	2000-5000
Seawater / Brine	Sterilization & Algae Removal, Sodium Hypochlorite Generation	Ru-Ir	Tube, Mesh	1000-3000
Circulating Cooling Water	Sterilization & Algae Removal, Anti-scaling	Ru-Ir	Mesh, Rod	200-500
Medical Wastewater	Disinfection, COD Removal	Pt/Ru-Ir	Plate, Tube	500-1500
Electronic Wastewater	Heavy Metal Recovery, High Purity Water Preparation	Pt	Plate, Rod	300-1000

Anode Comparison of Various Coating Systems

Performance Index	Ru-Ir Titanium Anode	Ir-Ta Titanium Anode	Platinum Coated Titanium Anode	Lead Anode	Graphite Anode
Substrate	ASTM Gr1/Gr2	ASTM Gr1/Gr2	ASTM Gr1/Gr2	Lead-Antimony Alloy	High-Purity Graphite
Coating Thickness	≥10μm	≥10μm	0.2-10μm	-	-
Coating Loading	≥12g/m²	≥10g/m²	≥0.5μm	-	-
Working Current Density	≤5000A/m²	≤5000A/m²	≤10000A/m²	≤500A/m²	≤1000A/m²
Chlorine Evolution Potential (vs SCE)	≤1.13V	≥1.3V	≤1.4V	≥1.25V	≥1.35V
Oxygen Evolution Potential (vs SCE)	≤1.4V	≤1.3V	1.56V	≥1.7V	≥1.8V
Current Efficiency	93-95%	90-92%	95-98%	70-80%	60-70%
Service Life (Normal Working Conditions)	5-8 Years	4-6 Years	3-5 Years	12-18 Months	6-12 Months
Corrosion Resistance	Excellent	Excellent	Excellent	Poor	Fair
Dimensional Stability	Outstanding	Outstanding	Outstanding	Poor	Poor
Pollution Risk	None	None	None	High (Lead Ion Precipitation)	Medium (Carbon Particle Shedding)
Substrate Reusable	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Maintenance Cost	Low	Low	Low	High	High
Energy Consumption (Relative Value)	1.0	1.1	0.5	1.3-1.5	1.5-1.8
Applicable pH Range	1-12	0-14	1-13	1-6	1-12
Applicable Reaction Type	Mainly for Chlorine Evolution	Mainly for Oxygen Evolution	Chlorine & Oxygen Evolution	Chlorine & Oxygen Evolution	Chlorine & Oxygen Evolution

MMO Titanium Anodes for Wastewater Treatment Industry

Wstitanium understands that every wastewater treatment project is unique. Different industries, different wastewater compositions, different treatment scales, and different discharge standards place vastly different performance requirements on anodes. Therefore, we provide customized solutions for each client.

For Dyeing and Printing Wastewater

Dyeing and printing wastewater is characterized by high color, high COD, high salinity, and contains large amounts of recalcitrant azo dyes and aniline pollutants, exhibiting poor biodegradability (B/C ratio typically <0.2).

Wstitanium Solution

We recommend RuO₂-IrO₂ (ruthenium-iridium) MMO titanium anodes. Current density: 500-2000 A/m², electrode spacing: 3-5 cm. The active chlorine and hydroxyl radicals generated at the anode achieve organic matter degradation and decolorization.

Results

COD removal rate: 78%-90%, decolorization rate: 79%-95%, while simultaneously increasing the wastewater’s B/C ratio to above 0.3, significantly improving biodegradability.

For Pharmaceutical Wastewater

High salt content, high COD, high biotoxicity, containing antibiotic residues, pharmaceutical intermediates, and heterocyclic recalcitrant organic compounds.

Wstitanium Solution

We recommend RuO₂-IrO₂ or Ti/IrO₂-Ta₂O₅ (iridium-tantalum based) MMO titanium anodes. Using electrocatalytic oxidation as the core treatment unit, it breaks down the molecular structure of antibiotics and removes recalcitrant COD.

Results

Removal rate for antibiotics such as penicillin G is close to 100%, completely eliminating antibacterial activity in the wastewater. COD removal rate can reach up to 92%, and TOC removal rate exceeds 90%.

For Coal Chemical Wastewater

High salt content, high COD, high biotoxicity, containing antibiotic residues, pharmaceutical intermediates, and heterocyclic recalcitrant organic compounds.

Wstitanium Solution

IrO₂-TiO₂ and Ti/SnO₂-Sb MMO titanium anodes are recommended. A chlorine-mediated membrane-separated paired electrocatalytic system is constructed, with simultaneous removal of phenolic pollutants and ammonia nitrogen in the anode chamber and simultaneous preparation of hydrogen peroxide in the cathode chamber. Current density: 500-1500 mA/m²; reaction time: 90-240 min.

Results

Within 90 min, 95.25% phenol removal, 70.79% ammonia nitrogen removal, and 75.43% COD removal are achieved, while the cumulative concentration of hydrogen peroxide at the cathode can reach 784.74 mg/L, reducing overall energy consumption by 45%-59%; after advanced treatment, the effluent COD can be stably reduced to below 30 mg/L.

For Electroplating Wastewater

Contains cyanide, heavy metal ions (chromium, nickel, copper, cadmium, etc.), complexing agents, and surfactants. It is highly toxic, poses a high environmental risk, and has stringent discharge standards.

Wstitanium Solution

We recommend RuO₂-IrO₂ series MMO titanium anodes. Electro-oxidation breaks down cyanide + electrodeposition recovers heavy metals, simultaneously removing COD and complexes. For hexavalent chromium wastewater, pulsed power supply technology can be coupled to enhance reduction and removal efficiency.

Results

Cyanide removal rate exceeds 99%, heavy metal ion removal rate ≥95%, hazardous waste generation reduced by 45%, and treatment efficiency improved by 60% compared to traditional chemical technologies.

For Papermaking Wastewater

High COD, high color, high suspended solids, containing large amounts of lignin, cellulose, tannins, and other recalcitrant organic matter.

Wstitanium Solution

RuO₂-IrO₂ series MMO titanium anode. Current density: 500-1500 A/m². The active chlorine and hydroxyl radicals generated at the anode break down the lignin structure, simultaneously removing color and COD, eliminating the need for additional decolorizing agents.

Results

For papermaking wastewater, SS and turbidity removal rates both exceed 98%, COD removal rate is significantly improved, and the wastewater B/C ratio increases from 0.2- to 0.4+.

For Pesticide Wastewater

Highly toxic, high salinity, and high COD, containing pesticide intermediates such as herbicides and insecticides; difficult to degrade and highly biodegradable.

Wstitanium Solution

Iridium-tantalum MMO titanium anode. Electrocatalytic oxidation coupled with persulfate activation constructs an advanced oxidation system to thoroughly degrade pesticide molecules and eliminate biotoxicity.

Results

Degradation rate of atrazine (herbicide) reaches 96.3%, TOC removal rate 69.8%; removal rate of herbicides such as linuron exceeds 99%, while significantly reducing the ecotoxicity of the wastewater.

For Livestock Wastewater

High in ammonia nitrogen, high in COD, high in phosphorus, and high in suspended solids (SS), containing large amounts of pathogens and antibiotic residues, with a strong odor.

Wstitanium Solution

IrO₂-Ta₂O₅ MMO titanium anode. Electrocatalytic oxidation utilizes active chlorine species to selectively enhance ammonia nitrogen removal, simultaneously degrading COD and total phosphorus, and inactivating pathogens.

Results

Highly efficient removal of nitrogen compounds and organic matter from livestock and poultry wastewater. Ammonia nitrogen removal rate exceeds 90%, COD removal rate exceeds 85%, and fecal coliform inactivation rate exceeds 99%.